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arbeka((Папа из Одессы, мама из Саксонии. Любовница - Роза.
Смог слинять из СССР. Чехословакия (жена немка), Франция, Испания, Португалия, Штаты, Канада.))
"С приходом национал-социалистов к власти в Германии семья Цеткин бежала в СССР. После смерти матери у Константина возникли проблемы относительно наследства с государственными органами в СССР. Он бежал через Чехословакию во Францию, где не имел права работать врачом по профессии и зарабатывал себе на жизнь как массажист и санитар. После оккупации Франции Константина Цеткина арестовали, но вскоре отпустили на свободу. В 1945 году Цеткин эмигрировал в США, где работал в нескольких психиатрических учреждениях и санаториях в Нью-Йорке и Иллинойсе. В 1950-е годы Цеткин переехал в канадский Миддл-Пойнт и проживал с супругой на ферме пасынка.
Константин Цеткин (нем. Konstantin Zetkin; 14 апреля 1885, Париж — сентябрь 1980, Миддл-Пойнт, Хафмун-Бей, Канада)
Максим Цеткин (нем. Maxim Zetkin; 1 августа 1883, Париж — 19 августа 1965, Берлин) — немецкий политик и хирург.
"С 1920 года Максим Цеткин работал хирургом в Москве и продолжал политическую деятельность. С 1924 года состоял в РКП(б). В 1935 году получил должность доцента в Московском медицинском институте. В 1936 и 1937 годах служил военврачом в республиканской армии в Гражданскую войну в Испании. По возвращении в СССР в 1939—1941 годах занимал должность главного врача, а затем до конца войны работал на Кавказе.
По окончании Второй мировой войны Максим Цеткин вернулся в 1945 году в Германию и участвовал в восстановлении системы здравоохранения в советской зоне оккупации. В 1946 году Максим Цеткин вступил в Социалистическую единую партию Германии.
After his return to the Soviet Union, he worked in Moscow from 1939 to 1941 as chief physician and then in the Caucasus until the end of the war. In 1942 he married the widowed Emilia Milowidova (1894–1965).
...................
О́сип Це́ткин (1850, Одесса, Российская империя — 29 января 1889, Париж)
Родился в 1850 году в Одессе в еврейской семье.
В 1889 году Осип Цеткин умер от туберкулёза.
..................
Кла́ра Це́ткин (нем. Clara Zetkin, урождённая Айснер (нем. Eißner); 5 июля 1857, Видерау, Саксония — 20 июня 1933, Архангельское, Московская область, СССР)
В 1897 году 40-летняя Клара влюбилась в студента Штутгартской академии изобразительных искусств и будущего художника Георга Фридриха Цунделя. Он был моложе её на 18 лет. Вскоре они поженились. Цундель успешно писал портреты на заказ, хорошо зарабатывал и мог позволить себе приобрести в 1904 году довольно просторный дом в Зилленбухе под Штутгартом. Видом из его окон любил любоваться Ленин. Ещё через пару лет супруги купили автомобиль. Даже Август Бебель, поначалу резко возражавший против этого брака, смирился. Но в 1914 году супруги расстались. Поводом стало различное отношение к Первой мировой войне. Клара Цеткин выступала против империалистической войны, а Георг Фридрих наперекор ей записался добровольцем в армию. Клара переживала уход супруга и долгие годы не давала ему официального развода. Только в 1928 году, когда ей было почти 71, она согласилась на развод, и художник тут же женился на своей давней избраннице Пауле Бош, дочери основателя электротехнического концерна Роберта Боша, которой к моменту их официального бракосочетания уже давно перевалило за тридцать.
.................
Clara Zetkin died on 20 June 1933 at Arkhangelskoye, a short distance outside Moscow. As a high-profile communist, friend of Rosa Luxemburg and feminist activist over many decades, Clara Zetkin enjoyed a quasi-iconic status with Moscow power brokers, which now proved to be something of a mixed blessing. Kostja Zetkin found himself in disagreement with government representatives, apparently because of differing opinions concerning the selective publication of some of his late mother's large collection of articles, essays, letters and other politically relevant papers.[1] Zetkin evidently appreciated that disagreements with the authorities were unwinnable and that he himself was in danger as long as the situation persisted. He applied for permission to emigrate again, this time to Prague to work as a physician. The application was granted, not without some "bureaucratic reluctance", and in 1935 Kostja Zetkin moved to Czechoslovakia where he remained till 1938.[8]
....................
Gertrude Bardenhewer
In Czechoslovakia, Kostya Zetkin and Gertrude Bardenhewer became lovers in 1935.[8] Later they married.[9] They were both qualified medical practitioners and there is speculation that they may originally have met as politically active medical students in Berlin.[8]
By 1935, Gertrude Bardenhewer had been a single mother for more than a decade. Keen to give birth to a child with artistic gifts she had teamed up with the artist-polymath Otto Tetjus Tügel, given birth to their son Lukas, and then gone on her way, taking the baby with her.[10] By the late 1930s the boy was virtually grown up, and finding himself in London when war broke out in 1939 he joined the British army. A few years later he emigrated to the United States of America.[11] German invasion of Czechoslovakia during 1938 and 1939 enforced further flight. Kostja and Gertrude, now together, made their way to Paris.[8] Sources differ over whether they left Czechoslovakia shortly before or shortly after German troops occupied the whole country. They travelled via Switzerland where they spent some time[1] and may have contemplated settling. But they also perceived a risk that even in Switzerland the authorities could not protect them from assassination by a gunman-agent sent from the Soviet Union or Germany. The Zetkin name carried its own politically charged legacy.[8]
France
Kostja Zetkin arrived in France in April 1939.
.................
France
Kostja Zetkin arrived in France in April 1939. He had already written in a letter to a friend, acknowledging that restrictive employment regulations made it harder for German-qualified physicians to find professional employment in France than in Czechoslovakia.[1] Nevertheless, the Zetkins had friends in France who, in the words of one source, "hid them in the French countryside".[8] Zetkin was able to work as a nurse and as a masseur-physiotherapist. He also took work as a farm labourer.[1]
War returned in September 1939, but it was only in May 1940 that German forces invaded France. The authorities responded by identifying as enemy aliens thousands of German refugees who had been forced to seek refuge in France for reasons of politics and / or race. Zetkin was detained in a camp for four months, almost certainly in the southern part of the country. His comments from the time indicate that conditions in France became so intolerable that he was already looking for ways to move on to another country. He might already have applied - at this stage unsuccessfully - for permission to leave France and enter the United States of America. References in his letters to relatives already in the United States - most likely the family of Gertrude's sister, Inge - certainly hint at that possibility.[1] By the time Zetkin left his internment camp in France, the southern part of the country was governed from Vichy by a puppet government. Security in the camps was at this stage frequently lax, but according to one source Gertrude secured release for the Kostja using the highly unconventional device of disclosing their true identities to a camp guard whom she judged, correctly, to be politically aware, and no friend to the Nazis. The guard responded quietly but pointedly. "We cannot have the son of Clara Zetkin in a prison cell."[8] Even if the story has been embroidered in the telling, it is beyond dispute that Kostja and Gertrude succeeded, with difficulty, in escaping via Spain (and probably Portugal) to the United States, where they arrived in or before 1945. By the time the French authorities had issued them with travel permits, their French travel-identity papers indicate that Kostja and Gertrude were married to one another.[12]
North America
The Zetkins always felt that they were viewed with mistrust by the authorities in the USA. Initially the only work they could find as qualified physicians was at a dairy farm.[8] They later found work as "medical orderlies" in a succession of psychiatric institutions, described in one source as "hell holes".[8] War having ended in 1945, by 1949 the Zetkins were trying to find work as physicians back in Germany, but without success. As McCarthyism became mainstream in the political establishment, the fact that Kostja's elder brother, having survived in Moscow the Stalinist purges of the later 1930s, was now back in Germany working as a hospital director and senior professor of medicine at the principal university in Soviet administered East Berlin, will have done nothing to enhance Kostja's own career prospects in the US. Nevertheless, he had work of sorts and was accruing pension entitlement which he was reluctant to place at risk. Despite becoming increasingly depressed he continued to work in the US medical system till 1957 when he retired. The Zetkins now relocated one last time, settling in a cottage owned by one of Gertrude's sisters on the Canadian west coast at Halfmoon Bay.[8] By this time Kostja Zetkin's health was failing, and in 1963 he had to undergo a major operation, which involved the removal of most of his stomach, on account of a perforated ulcer. He nevertheless survived the operation and indeed lived on for more than another seventeen years, dying in 1980.[8] Gertrude died a few months later, in January 1981.
Смог слинять из СССР. Чехословакия (жена немка), Франция, Испания, Португалия, Штаты, Канада.))
"С приходом национал-социалистов к власти в Германии семья Цеткин бежала в СССР. После смерти матери у Константина возникли проблемы относительно наследства с государственными органами в СССР. Он бежал через Чехословакию во Францию, где не имел права работать врачом по профессии и зарабатывал себе на жизнь как массажист и санитар. После оккупации Франции Константина Цеткина арестовали, но вскоре отпустили на свободу. В 1945 году Цеткин эмигрировал в США, где работал в нескольких психиатрических учреждениях и санаториях в Нью-Йорке и Иллинойсе. В 1950-е годы Цеткин переехал в канадский Миддл-Пойнт и проживал с супругой на ферме пасынка.
Константин Цеткин (нем. Konstantin Zetkin; 14 апреля 1885, Париж — сентябрь 1980, Миддл-Пойнт, Хафмун-Бей, Канада)
Максим Цеткин (нем. Maxim Zetkin; 1 августа 1883, Париж — 19 августа 1965, Берлин) — немецкий политик и хирург.
"С 1920 года Максим Цеткин работал хирургом в Москве и продолжал политическую деятельность. С 1924 года состоял в РКП(б). В 1935 году получил должность доцента в Московском медицинском институте. В 1936 и 1937 годах служил военврачом в республиканской армии в Гражданскую войну в Испании. По возвращении в СССР в 1939—1941 годах занимал должность главного врача, а затем до конца войны работал на Кавказе.
По окончании Второй мировой войны Максим Цеткин вернулся в 1945 году в Германию и участвовал в восстановлении системы здравоохранения в советской зоне оккупации. В 1946 году Максим Цеткин вступил в Социалистическую единую партию Германии.
After his return to the Soviet Union, he worked in Moscow from 1939 to 1941 as chief physician and then in the Caucasus until the end of the war. In 1942 he married the widowed Emilia Milowidova (1894–1965).
...................
О́сип Це́ткин (1850, Одесса, Российская империя — 29 января 1889, Париж)
Родился в 1850 году в Одессе в еврейской семье.
В 1889 году Осип Цеткин умер от туберкулёза.
..................
Кла́ра Це́ткин (нем. Clara Zetkin, урождённая Айснер (нем. Eißner); 5 июля 1857, Видерау, Саксония — 20 июня 1933, Архангельское, Московская область, СССР)
В 1897 году 40-летняя Клара влюбилась в студента Штутгартской академии изобразительных искусств и будущего художника Георга Фридриха Цунделя. Он был моложе её на 18 лет. Вскоре они поженились. Цундель успешно писал портреты на заказ, хорошо зарабатывал и мог позволить себе приобрести в 1904 году довольно просторный дом в Зилленбухе под Штутгартом. Видом из его окон любил любоваться Ленин. Ещё через пару лет супруги купили автомобиль. Даже Август Бебель, поначалу резко возражавший против этого брака, смирился. Но в 1914 году супруги расстались. Поводом стало различное отношение к Первой мировой войне. Клара Цеткин выступала против империалистической войны, а Георг Фридрих наперекор ей записался добровольцем в армию. Клара переживала уход супруга и долгие годы не давала ему официального развода. Только в 1928 году, когда ей было почти 71, она согласилась на развод, и художник тут же женился на своей давней избраннице Пауле Бош, дочери основателя электротехнического концерна Роберта Боша, которой к моменту их официального бракосочетания уже давно перевалило за тридцать.
.................
Clara Zetkin died on 20 June 1933 at Arkhangelskoye, a short distance outside Moscow. As a high-profile communist, friend of Rosa Luxemburg and feminist activist over many decades, Clara Zetkin enjoyed a quasi-iconic status with Moscow power brokers, which now proved to be something of a mixed blessing. Kostja Zetkin found himself in disagreement with government representatives, apparently because of differing opinions concerning the selective publication of some of his late mother's large collection of articles, essays, letters and other politically relevant papers.[1] Zetkin evidently appreciated that disagreements with the authorities were unwinnable and that he himself was in danger as long as the situation persisted. He applied for permission to emigrate again, this time to Prague to work as a physician. The application was granted, not without some "bureaucratic reluctance", and in 1935 Kostja Zetkin moved to Czechoslovakia where he remained till 1938.[8]
....................
Gertrude Bardenhewer
In Czechoslovakia, Kostya Zetkin and Gertrude Bardenhewer became lovers in 1935.[8] Later they married.[9] They were both qualified medical practitioners and there is speculation that they may originally have met as politically active medical students in Berlin.[8]
By 1935, Gertrude Bardenhewer had been a single mother for more than a decade. Keen to give birth to a child with artistic gifts she had teamed up with the artist-polymath Otto Tetjus Tügel, given birth to their son Lukas, and then gone on her way, taking the baby with her.[10] By the late 1930s the boy was virtually grown up, and finding himself in London when war broke out in 1939 he joined the British army. A few years later he emigrated to the United States of America.[11] German invasion of Czechoslovakia during 1938 and 1939 enforced further flight. Kostja and Gertrude, now together, made their way to Paris.[8] Sources differ over whether they left Czechoslovakia shortly before or shortly after German troops occupied the whole country. They travelled via Switzerland where they spent some time[1] and may have contemplated settling. But they also perceived a risk that even in Switzerland the authorities could not protect them from assassination by a gunman-agent sent from the Soviet Union or Germany. The Zetkin name carried its own politically charged legacy.[8]
France
Kostja Zetkin arrived in France in April 1939.
.................
France
Kostja Zetkin arrived in France in April 1939. He had already written in a letter to a friend, acknowledging that restrictive employment regulations made it harder for German-qualified physicians to find professional employment in France than in Czechoslovakia.[1] Nevertheless, the Zetkins had friends in France who, in the words of one source, "hid them in the French countryside".[8] Zetkin was able to work as a nurse and as a masseur-physiotherapist. He also took work as a farm labourer.[1]
War returned in September 1939, but it was only in May 1940 that German forces invaded France. The authorities responded by identifying as enemy aliens thousands of German refugees who had been forced to seek refuge in France for reasons of politics and / or race. Zetkin was detained in a camp for four months, almost certainly in the southern part of the country. His comments from the time indicate that conditions in France became so intolerable that he was already looking for ways to move on to another country. He might already have applied - at this stage unsuccessfully - for permission to leave France and enter the United States of America. References in his letters to relatives already in the United States - most likely the family of Gertrude's sister, Inge - certainly hint at that possibility.[1] By the time Zetkin left his internment camp in France, the southern part of the country was governed from Vichy by a puppet government. Security in the camps was at this stage frequently lax, but according to one source Gertrude secured release for the Kostja using the highly unconventional device of disclosing their true identities to a camp guard whom she judged, correctly, to be politically aware, and no friend to the Nazis. The guard responded quietly but pointedly. "We cannot have the son of Clara Zetkin in a prison cell."[8] Even if the story has been embroidered in the telling, it is beyond dispute that Kostja and Gertrude succeeded, with difficulty, in escaping via Spain (and probably Portugal) to the United States, where they arrived in or before 1945. By the time the French authorities had issued them with travel permits, their French travel-identity papers indicate that Kostja and Gertrude were married to one another.[12]
North America
The Zetkins always felt that they were viewed with mistrust by the authorities in the USA. Initially the only work they could find as qualified physicians was at a dairy farm.[8] They later found work as "medical orderlies" in a succession of psychiatric institutions, described in one source as "hell holes".[8] War having ended in 1945, by 1949 the Zetkins were trying to find work as physicians back in Germany, but without success. As McCarthyism became mainstream in the political establishment, the fact that Kostja's elder brother, having survived in Moscow the Stalinist purges of the later 1930s, was now back in Germany working as a hospital director and senior professor of medicine at the principal university in Soviet administered East Berlin, will have done nothing to enhance Kostja's own career prospects in the US. Nevertheless, he had work of sorts and was accruing pension entitlement which he was reluctant to place at risk. Despite becoming increasingly depressed he continued to work in the US medical system till 1957 when he retired. The Zetkins now relocated one last time, settling in a cottage owned by one of Gertrude's sisters on the Canadian west coast at Halfmoon Bay.[8] By this time Kostja Zetkin's health was failing, and in 1963 he had to undergo a major operation, which involved the removal of most of his stomach, on account of a perforated ulcer. He nevertheless survived the operation and indeed lived on for more than another seventeen years, dying in 1980.[8] Gertrude died a few months later, in January 1981.
